Of the National Extension Parent Education Model of Critical Parenting,
by Charles A. Smith et al.
See the Preface for information on use and distribution of this document.

Adolescence, ages 12-18 Grade School, ages 6-11 Pre-school, ages 18 months to 5 Infant, ages 0-18 months	Family relations and child development specialists throughout the Cooperative Extension System were invited to submit parent education resources developed in their state for review by the NEPEM team. Each submission was evaluated and selected in terms of seven variables: Accuracy of information Usefulness of information Integrity (The material reflect the educational standards of honesty, accuracy, and soundness; it is designed to teach; it has an educational purpose.) Readability Sensitivity (The material respects cultural, racial, and gender diversity.) Art and design Longevity With the exception of one program (Footsteps), all the materials found in this curriculum guide were originally developed by extension parent education professionals. They are included in this report to illustrate the types of extension resources currently available to support parent education programs consistent with NEPEM. Each resource is accompanied by two sets of icons, one indicating the age of children targeted by the program, the other highlighted components of the model emphasized in the material.
Infant	Baby's First Year Calendar A calendar for the baby's first year of life that includes highlights and helpful hints for each month of the child's age. Developed 1991. Authors Glyn Brown, Steve Duncan, and Barb Struempler, Auburn University. Contact H. Wallace Goddard for information, 206 Spidle Hall, UA, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5604. Program Objectives To help parents provide sensible, nurturing care for child birth to one year and better understand nutrition and development information. Intended Audience Parents of newborns Delivery Method Group meetings or hospital visits Evaluation See author for results. Cost $4.00 Available from Aces Distribution, Duncan Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849- 5632
Infants	Baby Talk Baby Talk is a cooperative venture between South and North Carolina and is cosponsored by Kiwanis International. Rearing a baby is one of the greatest challenges families face. We want to make sure that parents know about babies. What do babies need? How do they grow? How can parents help them? How can we help parents? Baby Talk is series of brief publications designed to help new parents begin their responsibility the right way. Developed 1992. Authors Cynthia Johnson, Box 7605, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7605; Emily Wiggins, South Carolina. Phone: 919/515-2770 Program Objectives Baby Talk is a parent education program designed to provide practical information to first-time parents during the first year of a baby's life. It can be used as a home study course or as a series of parenting classes. The program objectives are to help first-time parents learn: how babies grow and develop, about being good parents, how to feed and care for baby, and steps to making the house baby-proof. Intended Audience First-time parents, including single, limited resource, working mothers, adolescent parents, adoptive, and foster parents. Written at a sixth grade reading level. Delivery Method Baby Talk is a series of fourteen publications to be sent to parents, one each month (two months before the baby is born and then throughout the baby's first year). They also are shared with health care practitioners and are given to parents-to-be at maternity clinics and at doctor offices. A few hospitals give them to new parents. The majority are mailed from Extension Centers. Evaluation This is the new, revised version of Baby Talk. Evaluation materials are filed from previous versions. Evaluations included in the Agent Guide are sent to the state office at the end of the reporting period. Cost Agent Guide ($3.40), Publications 1-4 (.30 each), 5-16 (.20 each) Available from Agriculture Communications, Box 7603, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7603
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Building Communities of Support for Families The Master Teacher in Family Life program is a training model that teaches natural leaders within poor communities the information and skills they need to 1) create an effective internal communication system to educate fellow residents about important issues such as health, the family, education, and employability, and 2) create and sustain a network of support for those who want to use their new knowledge to make changes in family life, education, and employment. The program is unique in that it builds strengths within the targeted communities in order to support long-term change. Developed 1990. Author Margaret D. Slinski, Coordinator, Youth and Families at Risk Program, 203 Skinner Hall, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 Program Objectives Program participants will increase their understanding of themselves and their relationships with others as they plan to strengthen community youth and families; increase their knowledge of communication, problem- solving, child development, and discipline skills; develop their own resource manual focusing on community agencies that support families and develop skills to access these resources effectively; and increase their knowledge and understanding of high risk issues. Intended Audience Parents and other adults and older teens living in challenging (low income, high risk) environments in need of increased knowledge but also a support system to maintain and practice newly learned skills. Volunteers interested in creating supportive programming for youth and families living in their "neighborhood." Delivery Method Twenty hours training followed by support of individual and group follow- up activities. Small group training emphasizing process in order to offer opportunities to integrate new knowledge into realities of environment. Evaluation Broad-based evaluation summary in the works. Abundance of anecdotal summaries regarding youth and adults indicating positive impact. Evaluations after each training. Currently developing a tool to measure increased resilience of youth. Cost $25.00 Available from University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension System, Bulletin Center, Cottage A: Thatcher Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-0099
Infant Pre-school	A Child in Your Life A Child in Your Life is a set of parent education materials for adolescent or low-income parents designed with the needs and characteristics of teen parents in mind. The materials include six half- hour videotapes which use adolescent and adult actors and interviews with actual parents and which take into account the common life style of adolescent and low-income parents. Corresponding to the tapes are six booklets written at the second- and third-grade reading level which include numerous illustrations and photographs. The booklets and tapes can be used together or separately but are most effective when used together. Brief workshop outlines to be used with the materials are available from the author. Developed from 1984-1989. Author Judith A. Myers-Walls, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Purdue Cooperative Extension Service, Child Development and Family Studies, 1267 CDFS Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907- 1267; Phone: 317/494-2936. Program Objectives Parents will: increase their knowledge concerning child development, child behavior management, and child nutrition; use more positive discipline techniques and fewer negative ones; provide a safer, more appropriately stimulating environment for their children; feed their children appropriate foods in a sensitive manner, and use formal and informal support systems as needed. Intended Audience Adolescent and low-income parents with young children (generally under the age of three years) Delivery Method Videos, easy-reading booklets, workshop outlines Evaluation Contact the author Cost Videos ($15.00), booklets ($.34 to $.46 each) Available from Media Distribution Center, 301 South 2nd Street, Lafayette, IN 47905
Pre-school Infant	Cooperative Communication between Home and School Research in the past decade has shown the importance of parent's involvement in their children's education. The big question for school administrators, teachers, and school board members is "How do you encourage meaningful involvement for today's busy parents?" Cornell University's Cooperative Communication Between Home and School program, a part of Cornell's Family Matters Project, provides answers based on fifteen years of extensive research and field tests involving thousands of parents and teachers in nearly 100 elementary schools. Developed 1983. Author Christiana Dean, Senior Extension Associate, G-28 MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Phone: 607/255-2531 Program Objectives Parents will learn how to communicate effectively with their children's school; teachers will learn how to communicate effectively with parents; schools will create policies that are responsive to parent involvement. Intended Audience Parents of elementary school children, elementary school teachers and administrators Delivery Method There are six workshops for parents that includes panel discussions. There are two in-service days for teachers that includes a joint session with administrators. Evaluation Contact the author for results. Cost $30.00 Available from Cornell University Resource Center, 7 Business and Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850
Pre-school	Discipline for Young Children Discipline for Young Children is a five-part series designed to help parents of preschoolers ages two to six years develop a win-win approach to teaching responsible behavior. This series helps parents explore their individual parenting style; understand what to expect from their children at different ages and stages; develop effective discipline techniques; and raise the odds for responsible behavior. Developed 1989. Author Valya Telep, Extension Specialist, Child Development,P.O. Box 9081, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806; Phone: 804/524-5966 Program Objectives Parents and other providers will acquire and use the knowledge and skills associated with effective parenting (use of age-appropriate discipline techniques and effective coping strategies). Intended Audience All parents and child care providers Delivery Method Group meetings and mail outs Evaluation Evaluation summary is available. Evaluation is built into the program material. Evaluation mail-out is available for others to review. Cost $8.00 Available from Joe Gray, Storekeeper Supervisor, Distribution Center, Landsdowne Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Pre-school Infant	Empowering Families: Home Visiting and Building Clusters The Family Matters project includes three workshops for parents and those who work with families. Empowering Families: Home Visiting and Building Clusters, The Employed Parent, and Cooperative Communication Between Home and School are programs based on the empowerment approach to building upon family strengths. Family Matters workshops help parents, school teachers, home visitors, and leaders of parent groups develop insight, confidence, and skill in communicating with other adults who share their concern for children. This nine-session training program provides hands-on training and skills-development exercises to help family workers understand the empowerment process and to build family strengths through home visiting and support groups. Developed 1984. Authors Christiana Dean and Moncrieff Cochran, Department of Human Development & Family Studies, G-28 MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Phone: 607/255-2531 (Dean) or 607/255-2260 (Cochran) Program Objectives Home visitors and group facilitators learn to work with families in an empowering way. Intended Audience Paraprofessional and professionsal (paid and volunteer) home visitors and group facilitators (e.g., EFNEP teaching aides, Head Start home visitors) Delivery Method Workshop series; can be used as preservice or inservice training Cost $30 Available from Cornell University Resource Center, 7 Business and Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14853
Grade-school	Families Can Make a Difference: A Substance Abuse Prevention Guide The Families Can Make a Difference Program is designed to help parents develop a better understanding of how they can help their children avoid or stop substance abuse. The program is based on research which suggests that families in which children either did not abuse substances or stopped abusing substances used three parenting strategies: effective communication, setting limits, and closeness. The main components of the program are a videotape, follow-up discussions, and related exercises. The videotape features families who have successfully prevented or stopped substance abuse by one of their family members. The Facilitator's Guide contains three presentation formats: one is designed to market the program to community groups; two are intended for delivery to parent groups. Developed 1992. Authors Vicki L. Spurlock, M.A., Maria Eugenia Fonseca, M.A., Lenoraann Ryan, M.A., Dena B. Targ, Ph.D, and Phame Camarena, Ph.D., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1092; Phone: 317/494-2937. Program Objectives To increase knowledge about parenting strategies (effective communication, closeness, setting limits) which are associated with preventing or stopping substance abuse; to increase the use of parenting strategies which are associated with preventing or stopping substance abuse. Intended Audience Parents of pre-teens (eight- to twelve-year-olds). The video includes white and Africian-American participants. Delivery Method Group meetings that include discussion as well as activities and a videotape. Evaluation We are in the process of a "before and after" evaluation with a comparison group. No summary is available yet. Evaluation is not built into the material. Evaluation instruments are not currently available but may be created at a later date. Cost Families Can Make a Difference: Videotape and Facilitator's Guide, boxed is $30 (includes tax and shipping). Available from Agricultural Communication Service, Media Distribution Center, Purdue University, 301 South Second Street, Lafayette, IN 47905-1092. Contact Dena Targ for information about the program.
Pre-school Infant	Footsteps Footstep materials consist of thirty half-hour videos and thirty accompanying leaflets. Topics include: identity; individuality; early learning; prenatal preparation; learning through TV; death; attachment and independence; discipline; food habits; play and fantasy; valued and accepted; listening to children; parenting extremes; social skills; developmental tasks; childhood fears; societal support; teaching competence; creativity; handicaps; step-parenting; problem behavior; values; preparation for school; child abuse; understanding your child; sibling relationships; responsibilities; and peers. Developed during the 1980s and now managed by Maryland Cooperative Extension Service. Videos begin with comments from video hosts, followed by twenty minute family drama, and end with comments from a child expert. Each drama focuses on one of eight different types of families. Author Billie H. Frazier (contact person), Human Development Specialist, 2039 Computer Science Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; Phone: 301/405-1019 Program Objectives A wide variety of objectives depending on the video selected Intended Audience Parents preschoolers and expectant parents (sixth-grade reading level) Delivery Method Group meetings, classes, television, and consultation with individual parents Evaluation No extensive evaluation available Cost Videos ($21 each), leaflets ($.10 each) Available from Videos: Educational Technology Center, 0307 Benjamin Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; Phone: 301/405-3504 Leaflets: Steve Rothman, Mgr., Duplicating Services, 6200 Sheridan Street, Riverdale, MO 20737; Phone: 301/403-4264
Pre-school	Guiding Young Children The information in the lessons is based on research and common sense relationships. The series is designed to help parents recognize their own strengths and select techniques which seem right to them. Developed 1991. Author Elaine Wilson, Parenting Specialist, 238 HES, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-0337; Phone: 405/744-7186 Program Objectives Parents will use more positive discipline techniques; guide their children calmly, firmly and kindly; establish a more friendly and cooperative environment at home that is less hostile and tense. Intended Audience Parents scoring "at-risk" on the adolescent adult parenting inventory (AAPI) will improve their score to the point that they are no longer at- risk at the end of the series; parents of young children ages two to six; series is especially effective with court-referred at-risk and low- literacy parents. Delivery Method Group meetings, home study, and home visitation. Evaluation The program impact has been measured on at risk parents. A summary of the evaluation is available from the author. The adolescent-adult parenting inventory (AAPI) is administered prior to the first session and after the second session. It is not built into the material. Checklists related to discipline techniques, parent reaction, and atmosphere in the home are included with each lesson and integrated into the series. Cost Five copies free; then $.20 each. Available from Central Mailing Services, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-0550
Adolescent Grade-school	Let's Talk Sense about Sex Let's Talk about Sex consists of seven videotaped segments. The ten- minute introductory segment explains how to use the series and helps make parents more comfortable. Topics for parents and children to view together are contained in six twenty-minute segments. Content includes: conception, fetal development and birth; puberty; self-concept and goal setting; communication; decision making; assertiveness; friendships; the development of relationships and handling sexual feelings; the risks of early sexual activity; the influence of the media; and the importance of being capable, competent and in control. Developed 1991. Author Ruthellen Phillips, Ed.D., West Virginia University, 616 Knapp Hall, PO Box 6031, Morgantown, WV 26506-6031; Phone: 304/293-2694. Program Objectives This family-based program seeks to increase family communication about sexuality and to encourage the postponement of adolescent premarital sexual activity. Intended Audience This program is targeted to parents and preteens ten to thirteen years of age. African-Americans, Euro-Americans, Asian-Americans, and a few Hispanic Americans are depicted in the program. It is applicable to one- parent, two-parent, and adoptive parent families. With some adaptations and facilitation by professionals, the program can be used by foster parents, parents with children with developmental delays, and low literacy and limited resource parents. Only professional counselors can determine the program's use by parents of children who have been sexually abused. Specific information on applicable audiences is available from the author. Delivery Method Let's Talk about Sex is a seven-part videotape series with accompanying printed program guide for in-home use by families. The program can be used in multi-session group meetings with parents and children. Evaluation The program has been evaluated in seven counties in West Virginia and in one county in Ohio. A pre-pre-post-test design with a control group was used in the pilot testing to measure factual information, communication, self-esteem, future goals, value of postponement, and delivery method. A summary of the evaluation is available from the author. Program evaluation instruments (pretests, post-tests and follow-up tests in booklet form for parents and children) are separate from the program materials and are available for use. Cost Program package includes video tape, guide, sample brochures, news releases, and promotional tips ($79.95). Contact the author for quantity prices on program components. Available from West Virginia University Extension Service, 616 Knapp Hall, PO Box 6031, Morgantown, WV 26506-6031; Phone: 304/293-2694
Pre-school Infant	Little Lives: A Parent's Guide to Development Little Lives: A Parent's Guide to Development newsletters are similar to those mailed out elsewhere and cover normal child development, cueing parents in on what to expect from the time their baby is born up to thirty-six months of age. They include information on health, nutrition, and safety, as well as inexpensive games and activities to stimulate early development. In addition, articles suggest ways that parents can deal with issues that can be stressful, such as guidance problems, adjustment to parenthood, and couple relations. There are special articles for moms and dads. Newsletters are presently being revised to update immunization charts and other information. Revised 1993. Author Sally Kees Martin, State Extension Specialist, University of Nevado/ Reno, Reno, NV 89557; Phone: 702/784-6490 Program Objectives To reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect among participants compared to the general population; to increase parental knowledge and skills during their child's first three years of life. Intended Audience Parents of infants to three-year-old children Delivery Method The primary delivery method is mailout. In addition, home visitor programs for new mothers have used the newsletters as handouts and background materials for the home visitors themselves. Home visitors have been employed by extension and other agencies. Evaluation The program was included in a five-state evaluation of age-paced parenting booklets and additional evaluation was carried out in Nevada. Pre- and post-tests are available from the five-state study. In Nevada, a system was developed to cross-check names of participants with a central registry for child abuse and neglect, which the author could describe to those interested. Evaluation included changes in knowledge and behavior (child abuse and neglect reports). Evaluation included low income and teen parents as well as the general population of new parents. Newsletters are written at a sixth-grade reading level Cost One set of the newsletters is free of charge from the author. Software for producing mailing labels which list name, address, and newsletter issue to be mailed is available free of charge from the author. At the present time no documentation or telephone support is available, although the software is largely self-explanatory. Contact the author for cost of PMTs. PMTs allow another state to put their own identification on newsletters. Newsletters may also be purchased (costs to be determined upon revision). Available from Director, Printing Services, 236, University of Nevada/Reno, Reno, NV 89557
Pre-school Infant	Parent-Caregiver Partnerships Relationships between parents and others who care for their children are not always easy. Jealousy, misunderstandings, and other problems are common. Parent-Caregiver Partnerships can help. The facilitator's packet includes a detailed manual for facilitators (with background material, bibliography, and handouts), booklets for people who have to miss sessions, and Not Another Meeting! (a fact sheet on providing child care at workshops). Developed 1992. Author Christiana Dean, Senior Extension Associate, G-28 MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Phone: 607/255-2531 Program Objectives Parents and caregivers will learn to listen effectively; say what they mean clearly and effectively, handle conflict constructively, understand the role public policy plays in their relationships; become effectively involved in public policy regarding child care. Intended Audience Employed parents, child-care providers Delivery Method Five workshop series Evaluation Evaluation instruments are available. Cost $25.50 Available from Resource Center, Cornell University, 7 Business and Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Parent Education Program The new Parent Education Program (PEP) is a major revision of the PEP (Parents Encouraging Parents) program Alabama developed several years ago. The focus of the new program is teaching basic skills to prevent child abuse. The latest findings in child abuse are the basis for fifteen parenting lessons that include positive discipline, alternatives to punitive measures, coping, controlling anger, and developing social support. Consistent with recommendations of recent studies, the revised program de-emphasizes the role of volunteers. Both a Parent's Book and Leader's Manual are available. The Leader's Manual outlines discussion methods, homework assignments, and media that can be used for presenting the lessons. Developed 1992. Author Jacqueline Mize. For information contact H. Wallace Goddard, Ph.D., Extension Family and Child Development Specialist, 206 Spidle Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849-5604. Program Objectives To help parents at risk of child abuse to parent more effectively. Intended Audience All parents Delivery Method Group meetings Evaluation Evaluation/field testing is currently underway. Cost Contact H. Wallace Goddard Available from ACES Distribution, Duncan Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849-5604
Pre-school Infant	Parent Express Parent Express is a series of twenty-seven, eight-page booklets of research-based information on infant development and care. The series is designed to ease the transition to parenthood and to help parents care for their babies and young children confidently, sensitively, and effectively. The booklets, keyed to a baby's birth month, are designed for monthly distribution the first year of a baby's life and bimonthly distribution during the second and third years. The program is appropriate for all parents but was designed for low income and teenage parents. Parent Express was written between 1984 and 1988 by the Human Relations staff of the University of California Cooperative Extension with the help of medical professionals, nutritionists, and child development. Author Dorothea Cudaback, Human Relations Specialist, College of Natural Resources, 101 Giannini Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; Phone: 510/642-2608 Program Objectives Playing with children in ways that promote development, providing children with more intellectual stimulation, improving children's language acquisition, providing more affectionate attention, responding more quickly to child's emotional needs. Intended Audience All new parents, especially low-income, low-literacy teen and Hispanic parents Delivery Method Monthly distribution of booklets by hand-out or mail from prenatal through baby's twelfth month. Bi-monthly distribution for parents of children thirteen months through thirty-six months old. Distribution keyed to baby's birth month. Evaluation Program has been extensively evaluated regarding use and impact. Evaluation is not built in currently. Evaluation instruments are available. Cost Infant Series of Parent Express (fifteen booklets for parents to be and parents of infants to thirteen-month-old children)($4.00) Toddler Series of Parent Express (twelve booklets for parents of thirteen- to thirty-six-month-old children)($4.00) Noticias Para Los Padres (Spanish adaptation and translation of Infant Series of Parent Express)($4.00) Available from Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications, University of California, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland, CA 94608-1239
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Parenting Renewal A comprehensive program designed to empower parents to become more effective with their children. Three notebooks are provided to the leader: infancy, preschool, and grade school. Developed 1989-1991. Author For information contact: Emily Wiggins, Family Life Specialist, 243 Doyle Agriculture Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0315; Phone: 803/856-5719 Program Objectives Objectives are listed in notebooks Intended Audience All parents Delivery Method Group meetings preferred. Materials in Parenting Renewal, Birth to Four have been written in easy to read form. Radio spots are included. Evaluation Materials have been evaluated in a small sample. Results were favorable. Evaluation is being changed; the original design was too complicated for some parents. Cost Contact author. Available from Emily Wiggins, Family Life Specialist, 243 Doyle Agriculture Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0315
Pre-school Infant	Parents Show You Care Parents Show You Care is the first of a series of three leaflet programs. The main theme for Parents: Show You Care is, "Your children are extremely important; show that you care for them in words and in actions." Program goals are to empower parents to do things for and with their young children that will help the youngsters grow up to be healthy, confident, and skilled preteens. The program is designed to build in a systemic, irreplaceable support for young children at home. Caring, committed parents are the primary support system for children. Developed 1992-1993. Author Billie H. Frazier, Ph.D., Human Development Specialist, 2309 Computer and Space Science Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742- 2451; Phone: 301/405-1019 Program Objectives Parents will show love, have fun, build trust, raise "can-do" children, help their children like themselves, and teach their children to behave. Intended Audience Specially designed for parents of young children with second- fifth- grade reading levels. Delivery Method Extension home economists hook up with county adult education programs that teach English. As the parents of young children learn to read English, they also learn about their children. Extension Home Economists do not teach English, but they do teach parenting skills to low-reading-level parents as they are learning English. Evaluation No formal evaluation has been conducted, and no formal evaluation is built into the educational materials. Suggestions are made in the Educator's Guide concerning evaluation. Cost One set free; additional sets ($1.00 each) Available from Steve Rothman, Manager, Duplicating Services, 6200 Sheridan Street, Riverdale, MD 20737; Phone: 301/403-4264
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Parents University Parents University is a community event designed to involve parents in brief educational workshops and introduce them to community services that support parents. Parents University includes a keynote speaker, brief educational workshops, a showcase of resources, and child care with an educational emphasis. Topics are selected by a local planning group composed of representatives from diverse human service agencies from the community. The 250-page Parents University Notebook for Program Leaders has all the materials a planning group would need to create and implement their own Parents University for their community. Developed 1992. Authors Charles A. Smith, Extension Specialist in Human Developement, and Jackie Laue, Extension Assistant, Room 343 Justin Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; Phone: 913/532-5773 Program Objectives Provide an opportunity for parents to gain information about their children, provide support to each other, and learn about the resources available to them in their communities. Strengthen interagency networking between county extension offices and other human service organizations. Intended Audience Parents Delivery Method A community event Evaluation Evaluation strategies are included in materials. Cost $55.00 Available from Charles A. Smith, Room 343 Justin Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Principles of Parenting Principles of Parenting is part of a total parenting program for all parents. The thirteen publications emphasize basic principles of understanding, guiding, and encouraging children. Each publication is four to six pages in length, uses simple statements of principles and many stories to communicate the principles. The publications are made interesting and accessible by the use of many customized illustrations. Teaching guides are currently being developed to accompany each unit. The three broad categories of the publications are Strengthening the Parent, Developing the Caring Child, and Developing the Strong Child. Developed 1992-1993. Author H. Wallace Goddard, Extension Family & Child Development Specialist, 206 Spidle Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849-5604; Phone: 205/844-3224. Program Objectives Help parents to understand and respect their children; provide skills for communicating, supporting, and guiding; help parents to respect their own needs. Intended Audience All parents, including those with low literacy Delivery Method Group meetings, pamphlet. Evaluation Not yet. Cost Ten cents per publication or $1.50 for a full set of thirteen publications; shrink wrapped with cover Available from ACES Distribution, Duncan Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849- 5632
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school	Responsive Discipline The program involves the complimentary use of five different teaching strategies: a home study course (Responsive Discipline: Effective Tools for Parents), a set of "flash cards" (The Discipline Toolbox), a series of "easy-to-read" factsheets, a thirty-minute video, and a workshop series (Responsive Discipline Leader's Guide). Materials can be used in one-to-one contact with parents, as part of a workshop series, or as a simple, take-home activity. Developed 1993. Author Charles A. Smith, Extension Specialist in Human Development, 343 Justin Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506; Phone: 913/532- 5773. Program Objectives The goal of Responsive Discipline is to increase a parent's ability to make more effective decisions about their discipline choices. The program focuses on forty-nine discipline alternatives or "tools" in the areas of prevention, guidance, and consequences. Intended Audience Parents of children of all ages Delivery Method Personal study course, workshops, video Evaluation Pretest and post-test evaluations of personal study and workshop participants is now being conducted and are available from the author. Cost Personal Study Course ($2.00), Toolbox ($3.00), Video ($28.00), Camera- ready factsheets (free), Leader's Guide (contact author) Available from Kansas State University Distribution Center, 16 Umberger Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-3402
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Supportive Connections: Rural Communities and Single Parent Families Supportive Connections: Rural Communities and Single Parent Families is a comprehensive program to assist parents and children in coping with the adjustments associated with living in a divorced single parent family. Program components are directed to single parents, youth living in single parent families, and community groups and agencies in rural areas. The program consists of a 375-page, three-ring notebook containing teaching guides, handouts, transparency originals, a youth drama script with accompanying leader's guide, and three videos. The parent component provides materials for conducting a workshop series on the following topics: the emotional adjustment to divorce, financial management, stress management, and the development of support systems. Developed 1990-1991. Author Mary W. Temke, Extension Specialist, Human Development, 214 C Pettee Hall, 55 College Road, Durham, NH 03824; Phone: 603/862-2493. Program Objectives The program contains a five-session workshop series for parents. Each session contains various objectives which are evaluated at the end of the sessions. In addition, an end-of-series and follow-up evaluation are included. Intended Audience Single parents Delivery Method Group meetings and workshops Evaluation Extension educators who purchased the program were surveyed in the summer of 1992; evaluations are included with each section/session of the program. Cost $85.00 Available from University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Publication Office, 12B Forest Park, Durham, NH 03824
Infant	Teens as Parents of Babies and Toddlers: A Resource Guide for Educators This Resource Guide presents thirty-five workshop outlines for educators who work with teen parents of babies and toddlers. Outlines are grouped under four major headings: The Social World of Teen Parents, Babies, Toddler and Two-Year-Olds, and Health and Safety. Developed 1990. Authors Jennifer Birckmayer (Senior Extension Associate), Katherine Goehring, Bonnie Westendorf, Judith Wilson, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, MVR Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853; Phone: 518/758-6190. Program Objectives To increase adolescent parents' skills in meeting physical, social and emotional needs of children; to increase parents' use of positive guidance techniques with infants and toddlers; to increase parents' self- understanding and ability to meet personal needs. Intended Audience Educators who work with adolescent parents of babies and toddlers in schools, community settings or in one-to-one counseling sessions or home visits. Delivery Method Group meetings with hand-outs, hands-on activities, videotapes, and group discussions. Can be adapted by educators for uses with teens one-to-one. Evaluation No evaluation conducted. Cost Resource Guide ($18.00) Available from Resource Center, Cornell University, 7 Business and Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850
Adolescent Grade-school Pre-school Infant	Working With Single Parent Families Working with Single-Parent Families is a series of workshops designed to give parents_male and female_an opportunity to discuss with other single parents some of the problems and issues they face on a day- to-day basis. During the workshop sessions, participants explore their opinions regarding work, children, and their personal lives. And, they usually find support and a sense of camaraderie with other single parents in the workshop. The workshop series contains two parts: Society Doesn't Make it Easy and Single Parents and Work. Although the sessions are meant to be conducted in sequence, most can stand on their own and be done out of sequence to meet the special needs of the group. The series covers a range of topics including the Needs of Parents as Individuals, the Myth of the Single Parent, Time for Parenting, Children and Household Management, Children and Work, and Preparation for Work. The program was originally developed in 1984. Author Florence J. Cherry, Senior Extension Associate, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850; Phone: 607/255-2537 Program Objectives To provide the single parent with a more positive self image; to address issues that the single parent faces on a daily basis, such as time management; communication with children and adolescents; child care for the working single parent, and managing stress. Intended Audience Adult single parents, adolescent parents, parents of preschoolers, young children and adolescents, low income parents, and low literacy parents. Delivery Method Group meeting Evaluation No Cost $10.00 Available from Media Services Distribution Center, 7 Research Park, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850

Part 3: Implementing the Model
Part 5: References
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